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The 2025 Canadian federal election, held on April 28, marked a significant shift in the nation's political landscape. Amid escalating tensions with the United States and domestic challenges, Canadians elected Mark Carney, former central banker, as Prime Minister, leading the Liberal Party to a fourth consecutive term. Although the Liberals secured 168 seats - just shy of the 172 needed for a majority - they will continue governing as a minority, potentially seeking support from smaller parties.
Mark Carney, stepping into politics after a distinguished career as Governor of the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England, assumed leadership of the Liberal Party following Justin Trudeau's resignation in January 2025. Carney's campaign emphasized economic resilience and a firm stance against U.S. President Donald Trump's aggressive trade policies, including tariffs and annexation threats. His leadership resonated with voters seeking stability and a strong defense of Canadian sovereignty.
Pierre Poilievre, known for his populist rhetoric and focus on economic issues, led the Conservative Party to increase its seat count from 120 to 144. However, Poilievre lost his own seat in Carleton, Ontario, to Liberal candidate Bruce Fanjoy - a rare occurrence for a major party leader. His association with Trump's policies and delayed distancing from the U.S. president contributed to his defeat.
The NDP, under Jagmeet Singh, faced significant losses, securing only seven seats and losing official party status for the first time since 1993. Singh himself was defeated in the newly formed Burnaby Central riding, leading to his resignation as party leader.
President Trump's imposition of tariffs and provocative statements about annexing Canada galvanized Canadian nationalism. Carney's firm opposition to these actions and promotion of a "buy Canadian" movement played a pivotal role in the Liberal Party's resurgence.
Inflation, housing affordability, and cost of living were central issues. The Liberals proposed building 500,000 homes annually and eliminating GST for first-time homebuyers on properties under $1 million. The Conservatives aimed to build 2.3 million homes over five years and eliminate GST on new homes up to $1.3 million.
Environmental policies were a point of contention. The Liberals committed to net-zero emissions by 2050 and investing in green infrastructure. The Conservatives advocated for a gradual transition, focusing on green technology and increased production of electric vehicles.
Healthcare system strains prompted debates over public versus private models. The Liberals proposed a comprehensive national mental health strategy. The NDP advocated for universal pharmacare and increased funding for mental health services.
The election saw a voter turnout of 68.5%, the highest since 1993, indicating heightened public engagement driven by concerns over national sovereignty and economic stability.
Prime Minister Carney faces the challenge of governing a minority government amid regional divides and external pressures. His agenda includes reducing economic dependence on the U.S., addressing housing affordability, and uniting a politically fragmented nation. The coming months will test his ability to implement policies that resonate across Canada's diverse landscape.
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